Month: August 2021

COVID: Fall 2021

On August 20th, the Friday before fall classes began, Representatives from TAUP’s Health and Safety committee met with members of the administration who are overseeing the university’s F2021 plans.  In addition, the committee had sent several questions received from members to Human Resources at the end of July. 

Below are questions, answers and information that was shared. 

Vaccines

What percentage of the campus community has uploaded their vaccine status?

As of the date of the meeting (8/20/21), 80% of the faculty and staff had submitted their proof of immunization, and over 60% of the whole campus community (students and employees) had reported, with about 8,000 submissions that they were still processing.  With each submission, they confirm information to ensure that it is authentic and accurate. They process approximately 1,200 per day, and at that time they were prioritizing immunization reviews for incoming students.  Reporting was very high even before the City’s mandate.

 

One of the biggest challenges in assessing the data is determining the denominator. There are constant changes in the number of people in the campus community, particularly at the beginning of a semester when adjuncts are being hired for the term.

 

Vaccine exemptions and accommodations

The City’s is requiring colleges and universities to offer one or more of these accommodations to those with exemption:

  1. PCR testing once per week or antigen testing twice per week, or
  2. Those colleges and universities with 90% or more of their population vaccinated could choose to offer those with exemptions the option of double masking and keeping at least 6 feet of social distance in indoor public spaces, or
  3. If feasible, colleges and universities may choose to offer those with exemptions a virtual option as their accommodation.

 

Will faculty and staff know whether students they are working with have been vaccinated?

Faculty and staff won’t know this information and the university is advising that they don’t ask.

 

Though you shouldn’t ask a student if they are vaccinated, if someone in a class volunteers that information, have them leave the room and report them to the Student Conduct office.

 

What happens to employees if they don’t vaccinate?

HR is reviewing options, including suspensions and potential termination.

Mask Compliance

With cloth masks, what is effective?

The administration’s health and safety representatives are recommending a 2 to 3 ply mask as ideal. They will be provided to students and are designed to primarily protect others, not the person wearing them.

 

Will KN95 or N95 masks and other PPE be provided for Temple employees?

Temple’s representatives recognized KN95s and N95s as not just masks, but as respirators.  They are designed protect the person wearing them.  The representatives implied that these masks were overkill, that they need to be fitted, and that they are not worn throughout the day even in clinical settings. 

But there are readily available disposable masks which are NIOSH certified and have simple instructions for wearing (“fitting”) properly.  The College of Public Health at Temple is providing KN95 masks to employees. These masks are worn throughout the day by people in workplaces where there are airborne risks. 

If you would like to purchase N95s or KN95s for protection, look for models that do not have a valve. The valve makes it easier for the wearer to exhale, but it only filters when they inhale, and thus it may may present a risk to others if the wearer has the virus.

 

What if someone isn’t wearing a mask safely?

In the fall, Temple announced “The 5Rs” as guidelines for handling situations where someone is not masking properly.  The following information was published for students here

 

As we gear up for the fall semester, you might have some questions about how we’re holding each other accountable and enforcing healthy behaviors that are especially relevant in the classroom, such as physical distancing and properly wearing facial coverings. 

All faculty and staff have been trained how to compassionately enforce healthy behaviors using a method we’re calling the Five Rs: remind, request, refuse, reschedule and refer. You, as a student, are never responsible for confronting other students about behaviors you feel are not following safety guidelines. Faculty and staff will take this on, using the Five Rs as their guide. It’s important, though, to know what to expect and what’s expected of you in the classroom and in other spaces across campus. 

When do students need to wear a facial covering? They’ll be reminded

First things first: Students are required to wear a mask indoors and in all other areas where physical distancing cannot be maintained. This includes sitting in class, grabbing food from the dining hall or using a study space. Your professors and other staff members will be there to remind you of these guidelines if they see you or other students not properly wearing a facial covering. Remember that your mask must be covering your nose and your mouth at all times. 

Some students and members of the Temple community are not able to wear a facial covering because of a health concern or disability. For students with health concerns or disabilities, check with Disability Resources and Services for remote learning options.

What if a student isn’t wearing a mask? It’ll be requested to put one on, properly. 

If a student isn’t wearing a mask, then the reminder will be changed to a request. Our faculty or staff will formally request that the student put on a mask. As a student, it is your job to worry about yourself—Temple employees have been trained to handle the situation if this issue arises. 

What if a student doesn’t listen? Professors can refuse to move forward with the class. 

Professors cannot effectively teach class without compliance from all students. Your professor could refuse to move forward with the class until everyone present is practicing safe behaviors. Students will have the opportunity to step out of the classroom and come back when they are ready to adhere to these new guidelines. Again, it is your professor’s job to handle this situation.

What if class ends early because students won’t comply? Your class could be rescheduled

If students are refusing to comply with the safety guidelines, the professor will have to reschedule the class meeting, whether that be a real-time Zoom meeting or a recording of that day’s content.   

If you are opting for in-person classes, you are valuing the agreement to follow the social contract between you and the university. If one student refuses to wear a mask in the classroom or other spaces, it will negatively impact the experience of other students. If you aren’t comfortable with in-person classes, we are offering alternative online learning methods.

What consequences will students who don’t comply? They could be referred to Student Conduct.  

If class meetings need to be rearranged due to problematic student behavior, faculty and staff will report students to Student Conduct for further review and possible disciplinary action. “

What if symptoms appear?

What are common Covid and Delta variant symptoms?

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headache
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or runny nose
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Diarrhea

 

If someone is experiencing symptoms, what should they do?

Neither students nor employees should come to campus when sick. The protocol if you have symptoms: stay home and leave only to get tested or to get medical care.  From Temple’s guidance

If you are sick—especially with symptoms of cough, difficulty breathing, fever or chills, sore throat, shortness of breath, or loss of taste or smell—contact your healthcare provider, Student Health Services (215-204-7500) or Employee Health Services (215-204-2679). Be sure to tell them your symptoms and inform if you believe you may have been in contact with someone with COVID-19. They can further screen you for COVID-19 and, if needed, help you get tested and recommend the next steps you should take.

It is important to note that a positive test will not affect your standing with the university. Our main goal will always be the health and safety of our students, faculty and staff, so that you can continue to work toward your learning goals.

At the recent meeting, Temple’s representatives suggested that symptomatic people go to the Health Portal or go to the Health Services office on the 4th floor of 1700 North Broad Street. A staff member will reach out to schedule a rapid test at Morgan Hall. 

 

What if I think a student is exhibiting symptoms?

If you are concerned about a student who exhibits symptoms, handle it privately. Pull them aside without drawing the attention of others (classmates, etc.) and ask if they’re not feeling well, suggest they follow the above recommendations.

 

 

Testing

TU’s symtomatic and non-sympomatic Covid Testing page,

Testing protocols

Vaccinated people will not undergo regular testing.  

 

Employees and students who do not upload vaccination verification will be contacted via email by Employee/Student health with regard to testing requirements and information on scheduling appointments.

 

Unvaccinated students and employees are required to be tested from day 1. Students are tested twice a week with the exception of students who commute and only come to campus once per week – they are tested once per week. Unvaccinated employees will test once per week. Health and science clinical employees had been tested once per week and are now tested twice.

 

They have the capacity to give thousands of tests a day and are hoping to expand appointment hours into evenings.  For those with lab experience, they are hiring additional lab assistants.    

 

Will faculty and staff know whether students they are working with have been tested positive?

Faculty and staff may be contacted by contact tracers if they have been exposed. The university is advising to not ask students if they have tested positive.

 

Though you shouldn’t ask, if they volunteer that information while in class, have them leave the room and report them to the Student Conduct office.

 

If a student informs you that they have tested positive, they may have tested at a CVS or non-Temple facility.  Let your Covid Liaison know that the student contacted you with this information and that you want to make sure that they are on Temple’s radar so contact tracing and other protocols can be confirmed.

 

If a positive case is detected in a classroom, what happens?

A faculty member will often be notified but not always if a student in their class has tested positive.

 

Unvaccinated people will need to quarantine if they’re in a classroom with a positive case.  Vaccinated “close contacts” will need to be tested but will not need to quarantine.  

 

A whole classroom is not considered a “close contact”. Close contact is defined as being 6’ or closer for 15 minutes or more. Every close contact should be tested and proximate notification will be sent to these people but they do not have to quarantine.  

 

It isn’t always possible to confirm everyone who has been a close contact. In a situation like that people in the class, including the instructor, will be given a proximity notification.  Decisions about notification are made by contact tracers and each school’s Covid Liaison.

Contact Tracing

Close contacts, defined as an individual who has been 6’ or closer for 15 minutes or more to someone who has tested positive.  Every close contact should be tested and proximate notification will be sent to these people. Vaccinated close contacts do not have to be quarantined.  

 

Tracers can access class registration information and room sizes, card swipes and wifi logins.  The person who has tested positive is interviewed though they don’t always know who they sat next to in class etc.  It’s not possible to chase down every person at times. When that happens, a proximate notification is sent to everyone in the class or  group setting. Decisions about notification are made by contact tracers and each school’s Covid Liaison

If a positive case is detected in a classroom, what happens?

A faculty member will often be notified but not always if a student in their class has tested positive.

 

Unvaccinated people will need to quarantine if they’re in a classroom with a positive case.  Vaccinated “close contacts” will need to be tested but will not need to quarantine.  

 

A whole classroom is not considered a “close contact”. Close contact is defined as being 6’ or closer for 15 minutes or more. Every close contact should be tested and proximate notification will be sent to these people but they do not have to quarantine.  

 

It isn’t always possible to confirm everyone who has been a close contact. In a situation like that people in the class, including the instructor, will be given a proximity notification.  Decisions about notification are made by contact tracers and each school’s Covid Liaison.

What should someone who has had close contact do?

Here is the notification sent out by contact tracers to individuals who they have determined should be concerned about exposure:

Dear Student/Faculty/Staff,

Temple University Student Health Services Contact Tracing Unit is providing you notification that on [exposure date] you shared a space [building, classroom, or course name] with a known COVID-19 case during their infectious period. If you were not in this space during this date or time, please disregard this notice.

 

Student health has evaluated your exposure, and you are considered LOW RISK at this time. This notice means you do NOT have to quarantine at this time. If you are identified as a close contact, you will be contacted by the University separately and provided with guidance.

 

What do you need to do?

 

1.       Monitor your symptoms daily regardless of COVID-19 vaccination status. If you develop new, worsening, or continuing symptoms associated with COVID-19, immediately isolate, and contact the appropriate health service for guidance. 

a.       Student Health Services at 215-204-7500 if you are a student to receive testing. 

b.       Employee Health Service at 215-204-2679 for screening and guidance on testing if you are an employee.

2.       Upload your vaccine information to the student health portal to ensure you are following Temple University policy.

3.       Continue to wear a mask when in high risk transmission settings.

4.       Wash your hands frequently.

 

We must work together and follow these instructions to limit the spread of COVID-19 and keep our community safe and healthy.  Student Health Services can be reached at 215-204-7500 and Employee Health Services can be reached at 215-204-2679 (Monday-Friday, 8:30am-5pm). Visit the Temple University Student Health website to stay updated.

Thank you for your cooperation.

 

Distancing, Buildings and Ventilation

There will be no distancing, though the City recommends an option to accommodate those with medical or religious vaccine exemptions. At colleges and universities with 90% or more of their population vaccinated, those who are exempt have one option to double mask and keep at least 6 feet of social distance in indoor public spaces.

 

HVAC systems have been optimized/maximized for over a year now, and those that have  central filter banks have been equipped with MERV 13 filters. Fresh air intake has been increased to the maximum possible without over-taxing the system. 

 

The upper floors in Anderson/Gladfelter are not being used for classrooms. The building specialist felt that elevator rides are short and the only individuals allowed into the buildings will be vaccinated and masked. “It’s as safe as we can make it and use an elevator at this point.”

 

Due to construction in Ritter Annex, people will not have access to stairwells and will need to use elevators. There are classes taking place throughout the building. 

 

The CDC has stated that in environments where everyone is vaccinated, masking and distancing are not required.,

Guidance for working with students

What responsibility do faculty have to students who miss class because they are not vaccinated?

The Temple representatives stated that faculty have the same responsibility now as any other time when a student is sick, and students have the same responsibility as well.

 

The university isn’t using the attendance tracker that was developed last year. It is now up to faculty to accommodate students who are sick. Faculty who have strict attendance policies should consider whether it will encourage students to come to class when they are sick. Talk with your school’s Covid Liaison when questions come up.

 

Does Temple consider it a violation of HIPAA to ask students about vaccination status?

 While not a technical HIPAA violation, Temple’s legal counsel believes that asking students to identify their vaccination status could result in claims under the ADA and other laws, risking complaints internally and to outside agencies. 

 

Can faculty or staff ask students they are working with if they have been tested or are vaccinated?

Faculty and staff won’t know if someone is vaccinated and the guidance from the administration is that students shouldn’t be asked about their vaccine or testing status.  

 

Employees may be contacted if they have been in close contact with someone who has tested positive.

 

Though you shouldn’t ask a student if they’ve tested positive if they volunteer that information and are not quarantining, putting others in risk for exposure, have them leave the room/building and report them to the Student Conduct office.

 

If a student reports to you that they have tested positive, they may have tested at a CVS or non-Temple facility.  Let your Covid Liaison know that the student contacted you with this information and that you want to make sure that they are on Temple’s radar so contact tracing and other protocols can be confirmed.

 

If someone is experiencing symptoms, what should they do?

Neither students nor employees should come to campus when sick.

 

If a student exhibits symptoms you’re concerned about, handle it privately. Pull them aside without drawing the attention of others (classmates, etc.) and ask if they’re not feeling well. 

 

Common symptoms for the Delta variant are

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headache
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or runny nose
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Diarrhea

 

Symptomatic people should go to the Health Portal or go to the Health Services office on the 4th floor of 1700 North Broad Street. A staff member will reach out to schedule a rapid test at Morgan Hall. Protocol if you have symptoms: stay home and leave only to get tested or to get medical care.

 

Can an employee decide to hold office hours online instead of in-person without having to ask a supervisor for permission? 

Faculty should check with their chair/dean to find out what the school or departmental policy/requirements are regarding office hours.

Accommodations

HR has a page on their website dedicated to workplace accommodations for information. Temple is considering accommodations based on an individual’s job responsibilities and their disability, what a doctor’s note says and how it’s supported.. They seem to be primarily following ADA, which does not take into account the concerns of individuals or their families with covid vulnerabilities, such as individuals who are immunocompromised, over 60 or those who are caretakers for vulnerable individuals such as seniors or unvaccinated children.  We were told “There have been many things that don’t fall under ADA.”

 

What about employees with unvaccinated children at home or who are caregivers for vulnerable individuals?

Talk to your supervisor/chair/dean.  It is ultimately a dean’s decision and needs to be considered on a case by case basis.  Though the union strongly disagrees, HR feels that it is the same as dealing with a sick family member at home in a non-covid situation..

The timeline for a response to an ADA request varies, as at times there can be a lag in additional information they need from doctors, etc. 

Important Temple Links F2021

Temple’s COVID-19 information page contains official announcements from the university and is the place where new announcements are placed. Scroll down and there is a helpful FAQ section with answers to important questions.

Temple Info on testing and tracing

TU Dashboard: Active COVID cases

The Center for the Advancement of Teaching is offering tremendous support to faculty moving online with their courses

The Fox School of Business has a web page offering helpful links for faculty and students working in an online environment, including sections on working from home, Zoom and Canvas guides, proctoring tests and more.

Important CDC information, F2021

F2021 CDC Interim Public Health recommendations for those who are fully vaccinated

F2021 CDC info for colleges and universities

Other Resources

The AFL-CIO is maintaining a page with links for resources that are industry-specific

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) web page for workers and employers to offer interim guidance on avoiding exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace

City and State information and services

Daily updated information from the City of Philadelphia

The PA state site for the latest information on COVID-19

The PA state site for Services available to Pennsylvanians affected by COVID-19

Receive updates on your phone from the City of Philadelphia by texting COVIDPHL to 888-777

Information on accessing city services in Philadelphia

Unemployment Compensation Workshop, Fall 2021

Did you lose classes? Do you know someone who is not teaching as much?

With the beginning of the Fall 2021 semester, some who lost courses and other income can now apply for unemployment benefits.

To that end, TAUP is offering free unemployment workshops to help our bargaining unit members. As workers, in every paycheck we all pay into unemployment. It’s insurance that is there to cover us when we need it.

It is important for applicants to understand their eligibility and how to apply to secure benefits. The process is unfortunately complicated for school workers, and the pandemic has increased wait times to receive a decision about eligibility and benefits. Even with that lag, those who are eligible can collect back claims, but only from the day they first applied, so it’s important to apply as soon as possible. The first day that someone is no longer a Temple employee they can apply.

Even if someone is working, a pay cut of 10% or more due to an employer’s decision may allow someone to collect partial benefits.

For more information or to sign up, click here.

TAUP Statement in Opposition to Pennsylvania House Bill 1532

As a union of educators and university professionals, TAUP stands in strong opposition to Pennsylvania House Bill 1532

 

On June 7, Pennsylvania State Representative Russ Diamond, of Lebanon County, introduced and referred to the education committee House Bill 1532. The bill currently has 31 co-sponsors. 

Sponsors have given it the moniker “the Teaching Racial and Universal Equality Act.” Yet its implementation would severely impede the ability of educators to do exactly that. 

The vague language of the bill leaves so much up to interpretation that it jeopardizes the freedom of students, researchers, librarians, and educators to even discuss certain concepts; while at the same time compelling them to accept specific ideological perspectives as a given, without any scholarly debate.

The proposed consequences for violating the bill lay the groundwork for an excessive number of potentially expensive civil suits and/or the elimination of public funding for a university, and as such would put the university on the defensive in policing and disciplining educators.

This Bill is Tantamount to Censorship

House Bill 1532 forbids educators from discussing what it deems “racist or sexist” concepts. 

What is key to understanding how this affects educators’ freedom to teach is a provision in Section 4 which states that no instructor, teacher, or professor at a public school district or public postsecondary institution shall “teach … a racist or sexist concept while instructing students” or require students “to read, view or listen to a book, article, video presentation, digital presentation or other learning material that espouses, advocates or promotes a racist or sexist concept.

The bill purports to define what is meant by such concepts, but instead simply gives nine examples. Several of these examples consist of concepts that are integral to any basic analysis in fields such as sociology and political science, which rely on the ability to study power dynamics in a society. 

For example, the bill states that one example of a racist and sexist concept is the idea that “Meritocracy or merit-based systems are either racist or sexist.” If an educator covered the topic of racial disparities in academia in the United States – especially in terms of Black women and members of the LGBTQ+ community – that instructor would have to let their students assume that the reason for the disparity is a lack of qualified, intelligent Black candidates for the positions. 

House Bill 1532 precludes the possibility of discussing social, systemic, or institutional factors as possible causes for these disparities because higher education is supposedly a system based on merit alone. 

Another topic that would be off limits is unconscious bias and the role it plays in our social interactions and institutions. House Bill 1532 gives as an example of a racist/sexist concept the notion that an individual “by virtue of race or sex, is inherently racist, sexist or oppressive, whether consciously or unconsciously.” 

Unconscious bias is a concept that is relevant to several fields, including psychology and other social sciences. While practically speaking the concept as an area of scholarly inquiry is not anywhere near as crude and rudimentary as the bill seems to imply, the language is simple enough that an offended resident of the Commonwealth could call for an investigation or file a civil complaint against a public university where this topic is discussed.

We Need Education, Not Indoctrination

As if censorship were not enough, this bill would essentially require educators to lie to their students or not teach at all. 

The fourth example the bill gives of a “racist or sexist concept” is the idea that an “individual should receive favorable treatment due to the individual’s race or sex.” This would eliminate the possibility of having a debate on the pluses and minuses of affirmative action — the bill leaves educators with no choice but to assume that affirmative action is immoral, racist, and unacceptable. There is no debate. 

If a class is having a discussion on hiring practices in a given context, and a student were to ask about the idea of affirmative action, what should the instructor say about it? According to this bill, the issue cannot even be discussed. Therefore, the bill not only censors educators, it requires them to pretend like these things don’t exist when they are clearly still part of public debate and commonly known. 

As educators and scholars, it is part of our job to study and teach problematic texts and ideas. It is a crucial element of a college education for students to learn how to engage with and analyze such material. We often teach about and discuss ideas we do not agree with in order to draw lessons from them and apply them to other contexts. In the process, students learn how to construct arguments and assess evidence. 

House Bill 1532 forbids educators from teaching certain perspectives, which leaves the alternative perspectives as the only options. If an educator cannot discuss the ways in which certain meritocratic systems are fundamentally racist and sexist, the only alternative is to assume that women and people of color are inherently less able. This is how House Bill 1532 actually seeks to impose a singular ideological orientation as the correct one, rather than allowing teachers and students to discuss and validate different points of view.

This is extraordinarily dangerous because it strong-arms teachers into practicing ideological indoctrination rather than education.

Furthermore, the fact that House Bill 1532 lacks an actual definition of “racist or sexist” concepts creates ambiguity that leaves so much up to interpretation that an open and honest discussion on critical issues in American society could potentially be grounds for an investigation or civil complaint. 

For instance, one of the examples given by the bill as a forbidden concept, “The USA is fundamentally racist,” could mean a wide range of things. If “The USA is fundamentally racist” is a concept that educators cannot discuss, does that mean that we cannot discuss the contemporary repercussions of slavery and segregation? Even “The United States of America” is vague – what does it refer to? The government? The people? The founding fathers? The institutions? The land? The 50 states? The media? The culture? 

What is alarming about this ninth and final example of a forbidden concept is that it appears to ban any mention or recognition of the existence of structural or systemic racism or sexism, because that would imply that the US is fundamentally racist or sexist. 

By default, then, neoliberal individualism is the only Truth. This would profoundly limit the ability of educators across the University to teach their subjects. 

Our opposition to these restrictions, of course, is not to suggest that the concepts banned by the bill are the absolute truth, either. But statements like “The USA is fundamentally racist” should be statements that can be discussed and debated in an academic setting. This bill is saying they cannot even be mentioned. 

We as educators and academic professionals must be allowed to debate and discuss these ideas, and we must be able to provide our students with facts and scholarship about the history of our country. Different ideologies may prioritize different sets of facts, but the work of an educator is to help students analyze those facts; not impose one ideology as though it is the one and only Truth.

The reality is that, vague language or not, the intention behind the bill is clear. In the memorandum calling for co-sponsors of the bill, its originators state that the Act “is aimed at curtailing the divisive nature of concepts more commonly known as ‘critical race theory.’” 

In fact, most of the concepts this bill is trying to censure teachers for talking about are not tenets of critical race theory at all.

HB 1532 Violates Temple’s Policies on Academic Freedom

Finally, this bill violates Temple University’s own policies on academic freedom, including the clause in TAUP’s collective bargaining agreement with Temple which states that “The teacher is entitled to full freedom in research and in the publication of their results, subject to the adequate performance of their other academic duties.”

The limitations imposed on academic freedom by this bill also go against Temple’s Policies and Procedures Manual, which makes clear on page one that “Freedom to teach and freedom to learn are inseparable facets of academic freedom.”

The manual furthermore states that “As members of the academic community, students should be encouraged to develop the capacity for critical judgment and to engage in a sustained and independent search for the truth,” and “Faculty members in the classroom and in conference should encourage free discussion, inquiry and expression.” 

This bill would prevent educators, and Temple, from following those very policies.

Furthermore, Section 3 provides that no public postsecondary institution shall use any funds to publish any “racist or sexist” concept – which would result in the censorship of university-funded student publications – and Section 4 provides that such an institution shall not “host, pay, or provide a venue for a speaker who espouses, advocates or promotes any racist or sexist concept.” According to the ACLU, such restrictions by a public university “amount to government censorship, in violation of the Constitution.”

 

Conclusion

This is not the only bill of its kind being proposed. In at least 28 states, lawmakers have begun to introduce restrictions on education about racism and related topics. 

What is more disturbing is that this bill, and others like it across the nation, are not isolated movements. This new attack on academic freedom comes on the heels of several years of legislative efforts to disenfranchise voters of color, on top of the institutionalized disenfranchisement of those in prison or formerly incarcerated. 

In 2013, the Voting Rights Act was gutted, and we have seen the consequences of that. Ever since that ruling, voter suppression and voter laws that disproportionately affect communities of color threaten the integrity of our democracy. Higher education plays a critical role in helping students to grow to become informed citizens, and so Pennsylvania House Bill 1532 is part of a broader attack on efforts to make the United States a more fair and just society.

It is increasingly clear that PA HB 1532 is less about telling teachers what they can’t teach and more about finding a way of ensuring that a specific ideological version of American history and society is taught. Whatever your politics, the effect of this bill will be to stifle debate and critical inquiry – the very heart of higher education.